Security analysis involves evaluating the security posture of an organization, system, or application to identify vulnerabilities, threats, and risks.

Risk Assessment

• assets (hardware, software, data).
• Identify threats (malware, phishing, insider threats, etc.).
• Evaluate vulnerabilities (unpatched software, misconfigurations).

• Determine impact and likelihood of threats exploiting vulnerabilities.

Threat Modeling

• Map potential attack vectors.
• Use frameworks like STRIDE or DREAD.

• Model attacker behavior (internal/external).

Vulnerability Assessment

• Use tools like:
• Nessus, OpenVAS – for network scans.
• Nikto, Burp Suite – for web application vulnerabilities.
• Review CVEs and security advisories.

• Patch management review.

Penetration Testing

• Simulate real attacks to find exploitable vulnerabilities.
• Often categorized as:
• Black box (no internal info)
• White box (full info)

• Gray box (partial info)

Log Analysis & Monitoring>

• Review logs (from firewalls, IDS/IPS, servers).
• Use SIEM tools like Splunk, ELK Stack, QRadar.

• Detect anomalies or patterns of attack.

This involves implementing security measures and hardening systems to prevent unauthorized access or data breaches.

Network Security

• Configure firewalls (e.g., pfSense, Cisco ASA).
• # Set up VLANs and segmentation.
• Use IDS/IPS (e.g., Snort, Suricata).

• Disable unused ports/services.

System Hardening

• Remove unnecessary software.
• Apply security patches regularly.
• Configure proper file permissions.

• Disable default accounts or change credentials.

Access Control

• Implement least privilege principle.
• Use Role-Based Access Control (RBAC).
• Configure strong password policies.

• Use Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA).

Endpoint Protection

Endpoint Protection

• Install and configure antivirus/EDR software.
• Enable disk encryption (e.g., BitLocker, FileVault).

• Configure USB and device control.

Cloud Security Configuration

• Harden cloud environments (e.g., AWS, Azure).
• Use Identity and Access Management (IAM) securely.
• Enable encryption at rest and in transit.

• Monitor for misconfigurations (tools: AWS Config, Azure Security Center).

Application Security

• Input validation, secure coding practices.
• Use HTTPS, secure cookies, headers.
• Set security policies in web servers (e.g., Apache, NGINX).

• Use tools like OWASP ZAP for testing.

Security Baselines

• Use templates or benchmarks:
• CIS Benchmarks
• NIST 800-53

• ISO/IEC 27001 standards